Mineral Neutralizers as a Tool for Improving the Properties of Soil Contaminated with Copper

In phytoremediation processes implemented in highly contaminated areas, there is a high risk of contaminant toxicity during the germination freshly sown plants. such conditions, it recommended to support by using neutralizing additives. The present study aimed at assessing effect addition mineral neutralizers (MNs), i.e., limestone, clay, and zeolite, soil with copper (0, 200, 400, 600 mg kg−1). Basic indicators were analyzed, as pH, hydrolytic acidity (HAC), total exchangeable bases (TEB), cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), electrolytical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (TOC), nitrogen (Ntot), ratio (C:N),, interactions micronutrients, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Mn, Fe MNs. Copper contamination significantly decreased pH increased its HAC. A decrease share TEB was found, which resulted CEC BS soil. Among additives, limestone had most beneficial on reducing acidity, contributing significant increase TEB, CEC, BS. least favorable shown for generally caused deterioration properties. MNs content lowered Ni compared control. demonstrated indicate diversified activity different levels copper.